Reclaime definition
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Exceptions can be thin layers that have been compacted by traffic of earthmoving equipment. The density of sand that is dumped by trucks and then pushed into the sea by a bulldozer is usually low, with relative density 1 of about 20%. (2005) have studied the effects of placement methods on the geotechnical behavior of sand fills. Reclamation can either be land based and by dump trucks tipping fill into the sea or by hydraulic placement from the sea. The South Platte Park is one of the largest wildlife parks within city limits in the USA. The design made use of native seed mixes and incorporated trails, fishing along the river, and educational tours at a nature center.
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A mined-out sand and gravel pit along the South Platte River in Littleton, Colorado, USA, was reclaimed as a natural wildlife area. The site was designed as an educational tool where visitors (the site is wheelchair accessible) can view nature taking its course as marine life invades the area. Quarry Cove, on the Oregon coast, USA, is a quarry that was converted into a man-made tidal zone nourished by wave action.
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In this unique setting, Dalhalla hosts operas, choir music, jazz and big band concerts, symphonies, and chamber music ( Langer, 1999). The stage was built in a former limestone quarry created in an amphitheater shape, which was reclaimed to seat about 4000 people. Another form of art can be illustrated by the festival stage Dalhalla at Rättvik, Sweden. The symmetrical landform is about 40 m in diameter and evokes images of the dikes and polders that are the backbone of the Dutch landscape. For example, Robert Smithson, a pioneer in the earthworks-as-art movement, created a circular jetty and canal entitled “Broken Circle” from a sand pit and body of water in the Netherlands. Some reclamation uses an artistic approach where the site is celebrated as a work of beauty and unique experiences. Notice the cement kiln stack in the background. Buchart Gardens, a reclaimed limestone quarry. Postmining reclamation does not begin until the entire mine has been exhausted, which may lead to deterioration of stockpiled soils, a longer revegetation time frame, and high bonding liability ( Norman and Lingley, 1992).įig. Interim reclamation temporarily stabilizes disturbed areas with fast-growing grasses or legumes, and at a later time implements the final reclamation plan. Segmental reclamation follows the removal of minerals in designated sections of the mine, is cost efficient, establishes final slopes as part of the mining operation, and works best in homogeneous deposits. Progressive reclamation immediately follows the removal of aggregate, but may be impractical for operations that must blend mined material from different parts of the pit or quarry. Reclamation may be implemented following four reclamation strategies: progressive, segmental, interim, or postmining ( Norman and Lingley, 1992). Langer, in Sustainability of Construction Materials (Second Edition), 2016 9.2.3 Reclamation An ability to execute reclamation practices in a manner that satisfies regulatory and public expectations cost effectively is essential to any mining business. Today's regulatory policies expect that coal mine operations will produce reclaimed lands that will either support economically viable postmining land uses while protecting environmental quality and, for some uses, to establish ecosystem structure and processes that resemble those present prior to mining. Reclamation practices have also been described that can be applied to establish ecosystem structure, process, and function on postmining lands that have some resemblance to premining conditions. The relatively undisturbed ecosystems that occupy many mine sites prior to mining produce environmental benefits that are valued by human society. In order for mined landscapes to support human needs, it is also essential that reclamation processes restore environmental quality. Reclamation practices have been described that will enable mined land to support agricultural production (including food crops, hay land, pasture, and bioenergy crops), forest production that can grow valued wood products, and developed land uses for building sites. Mined landscapes meet human needs when they support viable economic enterprises and other forms of community development. Reclamation is a mining activity that is intended to produce land and water conditions that meet human needs. Ziemkiewicz, in Advances in Productive, Safe, and Responsible Coal Mining, 2019 14.5 Conclusion